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Pada tahun 2020, penduduk yang tinggal di perkotaan mencapai 54% dari total penduduk di Indonesia diperkirakan akan meningkat hingga 72,8% di tahun 2045. Namun, berdasarkan data yang dihimpun oleh Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (PPN)/Bappenas penduduk yang tinggal di perkotaan tersebut hanya dapat meningkatkan PDB perkapita sebesar 1.4%.
Pertumbuhan penduduk dan ekonomi di Indonesia terus meningkat, akan tetapi pertumbuhan ekonomi masih belum dapat setara dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk. Banyak penduduk desa yang berbondong datang ke kota untuk mengubah nasib mereka, anggapannya di kota dapat dengan mudah mencari pekerjaan.
Sayangnya bekal ilmu yang dibawa belum mampu membawa ke kehidupan yang lebih layak.
Pada dasarnya urbanisasi dapat memberikan manfaat perekonomian nasional, apabila terdapat pengelolaan perkotaan yang optimal.
Pembangunan perkotaan yang terencana dengan baik sangat penting bagi Indonesia mengingat pertambahan penduduk yang terus meningkat.
Di beberapa negara, pembangunan perkotaan telah menjadi pendorong utama pertumbuhan ekonomi dan transformasi sosial. Namun, sampai dengan saat ini Indonesia belum mendapatkan manfaat yang optimal dari proses urbanisasi ini.
Pembangunan inklusif di kawasan perkotaan termasuk wilayah metropolitan (WM) menjadi hal yang sangat penting. Pembangunan inklusif meliputi penyediaan pilihan yang lebih luas bagi masyarakat perkotaan seperti untuk transportasi umum, perumahan yang terjangkau, pengentasan kawasan kumuh, akses pada sumber energi, air, dan sanitasi serta akses terhadap informasi.
Pembangunan perkotaan menjadi prioritas nasional pada RPJMN 2020-2024 khususnya dalam bidang Pengembangan Wilayah. Pembangunan Perkotaan termasuk di dalamnya, dengan fokus: pembangunan Ibu Kota Negara baru di Kalimantan Timur, perencanaan terpadu dan pembangunan 10 WM, 4 kota baru dan 52 kota besar, sedang, dan kecil. Di lokasi tersebut, direncanakan sarana dan prasarana strategis yang mendukung aktivitas ekonomi penting di sekitarnya.
Pemerintah perlu melakukan penerapan pendekatan cerdas sebagai akselerator pewujudan metropolitan cerdas dan berkelanjutan.
Penerapan pendekatan cerdas bukan sebagai tujuan atau citra kota (city branding) namun sebagai akselerator terwujudnya perkotaan berkelanjutan, termasuk wilayah metropolitan.
Dalama penerapan pendekatan cerdas terdapat 3 kategori infrastruktur penunjang yakni Smart Society, Smart Economy, dan Smart Environment. Contoh penerapan pendekatan cerdas pada infrastruktur perkotaan Smart Society adalah pengembangan Smart Building dan Smart Waste Mangement.
Kemudian untuk Smart Economy seperti pengembangan Smart Transportation dan Smart Energy.
Terakhir penerapan infrastruktur Smart Environment seperti pengembangan Smart Water dan Smart Services.
Berkaca dari negara lain seperti Jepang dan Melbourne, mereka telah menjalankan ekonomi inklusif dengan menyediakan kavling komersial untuk pelaku UKM di tempat strategis atau di pusat kota.
Para pelaku UKM pun dapat dengan mudah menjajakan produk mereka karena berada di lingkungan pusat kota dan banyak dilalui orang-orang.
Pemerintah Singapura juga telah mengembangkan hunian di kota metropolitan dengan harga terjangkau. Hunian terjangkau ini dibangun di lokasi strategis dekat dengan transit hub sehingga dapat memudahkan mobilitas penduduk ke tempat kerja mereka.
Saat ini yang menjadi pekerjaan rumah bagi pemerintah ialah bagaimana mengatasi tantangan pembangunan metropolitan cerdas agar dapat mewujudkan Indonesia Sustainable Cities 2045.
Tantangan yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah untuk mengembangkan pembangunan Perkotaan Cerdas yang pertama ialah untuk merealisasikan Metropolitan Cerdas dan mencapai “Sustainable Cities” (Perkotaan berkelanjutan) di Indonesia diperlukan pembagian peran antara pemain kunci seperti kementerian/lembaga, swasta akademisi, komunitas masyarakat untuk berkolaborasi dan bekerja sama mengimplementasikan kebijakan strategi, dan inisiatif yang telah ditetapkan.
Kedua peran serta masyarakat penting untuk menciptakan kolaborasi dan kerjasama implementasi kebijakan, strategi, dan inisiatif yang telah ditetapkan.
Penyediaan kesempatan partisipasi dalam memberikan umpan balik melalui saluran khusus pengaduan dan pengendalian pembangunan akan meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik.
“Generasi ke depan, akan menjadi generasi yang tumbuh di tengah kemajuan teknologi yang sangat pesat. Transformasi digital di Indonesia, baik di metropolitan maupun wilayah lainnya, perlu diarahkan untuk mendorong penguatan pendidikan karakter bangsa yang kuat dan inovatif,” kutipan dari Menteri Suharso Monoarfa. (Red/Aj)
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